浙江省高校学生功能性消化不良流行病学调查及其与心理因素的关系

目的 了解浙江省高校学生功能性消化不良(FD)患病情况及其与心理因素的关系.方法 选取浙江省两所高校学生,采用多级分层随机整群抽样方法,以罗马Ⅲ成人功能性胃肠病诊断调查问卷(ROMEⅢ-DQ)及心理学症状自评量表(SCL-90)对其进行分析调查.统计学处理采用x2检验和t检验.结果 共调查浙江省高校学生1870名,FD患病率为5.78％;女性患病率高于男性(7.53％比4.14％,x2=9.884,P＜0.05);高校四年级学生FD患病率最高,各年级之间差异有统计学意义(x2=13.83,P＜0.05).FD亚型中餐后不适综合征明显多于上腹痛综合征;FD患者与其他功能性胃肠病重叠以功能性排便障碍和功能性便秘最多.SCL-90调查中FD组各项因子评分均高于健康对照组.结论 FD在浙江省高校学生中有较高的患病率,心理因素与其发病有相关性.     

Role of stem cell factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in remodeling during liver regeneration

Functional pluripotent characteristics have been observed in specific subpopulations of hepatic cells that express some of the known cholangiocyte markers. Although evidence indicates that specific cytokines, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSFs), and stem cell factors (SCFs) may be candidate treatments for liver injury, the role of these cytokines in intrahepatic biliary epithelium remodeling is unknown. Thus, our aim was to characterize the specific cytokines that regulate the remodeling potentials of cholangiocytes after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). The expression of the cytokines and their downstream signaling molecules was studied in rats after 70% PH by immunoblotting and in small and large murine cholangiocyte cultures (SMCCs and LMCCs) by immunocytochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There was a significant, stable increase in SCF and GM-CSF levels until 7 days after PH. Real-time PCR analysis revealed significant increases of key remodeling molecules, such as S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) and miR-181b, after SCF plus GM-CSF administration in SMCCs. SMCCs produced significant amounts of soluble and bound SCFs and GM-CSFs in response to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). When SMCCs were incubated with TGF-β plus anti-SCF+GM-CSF antibodies, there was a significant decrease in S100A4 expression. Furthermore, treatment of SMCCs with SCF+GM-CSF significantly increased matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) messenger RNA as well as miR-181b expression, along with a reduction of metalloproteinase inhibitor 3. Levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and miR-181b were also up-regulated in rat liver and isolated cholangiocytes after PH. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that altered expression of SCF+GM-CSF after PH can contribute to biliary remodeling (e.g., post-transplantation) by functional deregulation of the activity of key signaling intermediates involved in cell expansion and multipotent differentiation.     

Characterization of chicken secretin (SCT) and secretin receptor (SCTR) genes: a novel secretin-like peptide (SCT-LP) and secretin encoded in a single gene

Secretin and the secretin receptor have been reported to play an important role in regulating pancreatic water and bicarbonate secretion in mammals; however, little is known about their expression, structure, and biological functions in non-mammalian vertebrates including birds. In this study, the full-length cDNAs encoding secretin and secretin receptor have first been cloned from duodenum of adult chickens. The putative chicken secretin receptor (cSCTR) is 449 amino acids in length and shares high sequence identity (58-63%) with its mammalian counterparts. Interestingly, chicken secretin cDNA encodes not only the secretin peptide (cSCT), but also a novel secretin-like peptide (cSCT-LP), which shares high amino acid identity with chicken (56%) and mammalian (48-52%) secretin. Using a pGL3-CRE-luciferase reporter system, we further demonstrated that both cSCT (EC₅₀: 0.31 nM) and cSCT-LP (EC₅₀: 1.10 nM), but not other structurally-related peptides, could potently activate cSCTR expressed in CHO cells, suggesting that both peptides may function as potential ligands for cSCTR. Using RT-PCR, the expression of secretin and secretin receptor in adult chicken tissues was also examined. Secretin was detected to be predominantly expressed in small intestine, while the mRNA expression of cSCTR was restricted to several tissues including gastrointestinal tract, liver, testis, pancreas and several brain regions. Collectively, results from present study not only established a molecular basis to elucidate the physiological roles of SCT, SCT-LP and SCTR in chickens, but also provide critical insights into structural and functional changes of secretin and its receptor during vertebrate evolution.     

The development of a normalization method for comparing nerve regeneration effectiveness among different graft types

The inability to compare directly different nerve grafts has been a significant factor hindering the advance of nerve graft development. Due to the abundance of variables that exist in nerve graft construction and multiple assessment types, there has been limited success in comparing nerve graft effectiveness among experiments. Using mathematical techniques on nerve conduction velocity (NCV) autograft data, a normalization function was empirically derived that normalizes differences in gap lengths. Further analysis allowed for the development of the relative regeneration ratio (RRR). The RRR function allows researchers to directly compare nerve graft results based on the NCV data from their respective studies as long as the data was collected at the same post‐operation time. This function also allows for comparisons between grafts tested at different gap lengths. Initial testing of this RRR function provided confidence that the function is accurate for a continuum of gap lengths and different nerve graft types.     

个性化血管内治疗椎动脉瘤分析

目的回顾性分析63例椎动脉瘤的个性化治疗经验。方法本组2000—2011年共收治63例患者(均已经DSA证实,共65个椎动脉瘤)为分析对象,其中41例伴瘤颈和载瘤血管闭塞的椎动脉瘤患者置入弹簧圈;12例未破裂的椎动脉瘤患者或对侧椎动脉发育不全的动脉瘤患者置入支架和弹簧圈;10例未破裂的VA-PICA动脉瘤患者或对侧椎动脉发育不全破裂的VA-PICA动脉瘤患者,单独行支架置入。运用改良Rankin量表(mRS)对临床结果进行评分。结果 63例中5例(7.9%)患者在30d的治疗过程中出现恶化,且导致其中3例患者死亡;57例(90.5%)患者,实现独立活动(mRS 0～2级);63例患者中44例(69.8%)进行血管造影随访,其中39例(88.6%)可确诊完全或基本完全的血栓形成,3例患者观察到病灶轻微减小,2例(4.5%)患者存在显著的残留病灶。结论椎动脉动脉瘤病人的个性化血管内治疗长期效果良好。     

脑白质疏松症相关危险因素分析

目的探讨LA发病的危险因素,为临床干预提供更多证据支持。方法根据磁共振检查结果,将128例患者分为无LA组和LA组,收集相关危险因素,通过单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归比较2组危险因素分布差异。结果单因素分析提示,2组年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压史、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、血纤维蛋白原(FIB)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),FIB、HCY越高,LA分级程度越高(P值分别为0.006、0.000)。多因素Logistic回归表明,年龄、吸烟史、高血压、FIB与LA发病相关。结论年龄、吸烟史、高血压、高FIB血症为LA发病的危险因素。     

Pretreatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid prevents cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury

Pretreatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid has protective effects against ischemia and attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, rats were given scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid intragastrically at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg per day for 7 days before focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury models were established using the suture method. We then determined the protective effects of scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavon- oid pretreatment on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results showed that neurological deficit scores increased, infarct volumes enlarged, apoptosis increased and Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression were upregulated at 24 hours after reperfusion. Pretreatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid at any dose lowered the neurological deficit scores, reduced the infarct volume, prevented apoptosis in hippocampal cells, attenuated neuronal and blood-brain barrier damage and upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression but inhibited Bax protein expression. Doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg were the most efficacious. Our findings indicate that pretreatment with scutel- laria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid at 100 and 200 mg/kg can improve the neurological func- tions and have preventive and protective roles after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

L-3-n-butylphthalide protects against vascular dementia via activation of the Akt kinase pathway

As a neuroprotective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke, 3-n-butylphthalide, a celery seed ex- tract, has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China as a clinical therapeutic drug for ischemic stroke patients. L-3-n-butylphthalide possesses significant efficacy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The activated Akt kinase pathway can prevent the death of nerve cells and exhibit neuroprotective effects in the brain after stroke. This study provides the hypothesis that I-3-n- butylphthalide has a certain therapeutic effect on vascular dementia, and its mechanism depends on the activation of the Akt kinase pathway. A vascular dementia mouse model was established by cere- bral repetitive ischemia/reperfusion, and intragastrically administered I-3-n-butylphthalide daily for 28 consecutive days after ischemia/repedusion, or 7 consecutive days before ischemia/reperfusion. The Morris water maze test showed significant impairment of spatial learning and memory at 4 weeks after operation, but intragastric administration of I-3-n-butylphthalide, especially pretreatment with I-3-n- butylphthalide, significantly reversed these changes. Thionine staining and western blot analylsis showed that preventive and therapeutic application of I-3-n-butylphthalide can reduce loss of pyrami- dal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region and alleviate nerve damage in mice with vascular demen- tia. In addition, phosphorylated Akt expression in hippocampal tissue increased significantly after I-3-n- butylphthalide treatment. Experimental findings demonstrate that I-3-n-butylphthalide has preventive and therapeutic effects on vascular dementia, and its mechanism may be mediated by upregulation of phosphorylated Akt in the hippocampus.